Tuesday 9 June 2026


 

The Phlogiston Protocol

(first three chapters)


Episode 1

A Lost Possession Returned


On a dreary Sunday morning in December in 1927, as the latest number of the Lancet lay neglected upon my lap, I contemplated with some satisfaction the ponderously wet snow that slithered down the window panes of the Praed Street flat I shared with Solar Pons. 

My companion, standing across the room at the table that held his scientific apparatus, appeared as indifferent to the weather as I to my professional reading, his aquiline features, yet visible through a cloud of tobacco smoke, intent upon some new chemical investigation. And while no man in the Great Capital possessed a keener mind or sharper eye, his lack of discernment regarding my true nature — concealed, it is true, by every art I could bring to the task — begged explanation. Surely, if during eight years of close association the detective had penetrated the ruse, I should have been exposed, for why would he remain silent?

“Perhaps I said nothing because I saw no advantage to either of us from the revelation, nor any justification in a gentleman so questioning a friend.”

“It gratifies me that you consider me one,” I replied.

“My dear Parker, I can conceive of no reason your extra-terrestrial origin should affect our association in the least.”

“Great Scott, Pons!” I exclaimed, as the enormity of his remarks struck me. “How did you discern my thoughts? I have been silent and motionless this half hour at least! And how on Earth did you deduce that I am an alien?”

“‘How on Earth,’ indeed,” he quipped.

“But allow me to observe that you were not entirely motionless. Your eyes traveled repeatedly to the row of published accounts of our various adventures, each time followed by a look of authorial pride. All perfectly human, I do assure you. When you glanced at me, however, your expression changed to one of sly triumph, followed by bemused, indulgent affection. Evidently you had carried out a successful, but harmless, deception, and wondered at my failure to notice. It only remained to identify the particular object of my failure.”

“Extraordinary, Pons!”

“As to your cosmic antecedents, your wandering gaze came to rest even longer, as so often of late, upon the fanciful print you recently tacked above your desk. It derives, I believe, from the work of M. Flammarion, whose thoughts about life beyond our own terraqueous sphere aroused such strong objections among his colleagues of l’Académie.”

“That is hardly decisive,” I objected.

“True, but there is also your increasingly frequent correspondence with an American, whose precise hand and return address of Flagstaff in Arizona strongly suggest an astronomer. As often as you admire the celestial image on the wall, you look wistfully at the latest missive from America there upon your desk.”

I could only nod in acquiescence.

“I submit, then, that you find yourself inadvertently stranded here on Earth, perhaps for some considerable stretch of time, and are desirous of providing discreet assistance to those seeking to locate the fabled “Planet X,” no doubt your home, perhaps bringing closer the day when you may return.”

“It is as you say,” I admitted.

“Then there is the matter of density, if I may be permitted the pun. Yesterday, I noticed your footprints in the snow pressing to a depth fully one-third greater than my own, as only possible if the volume of your ostensible lungs were occupied by something as heavy as solid muscle.”

“Of course, how very simple!”

“Coupled with the fact of your survival during eight years in our shared lodging, without complaint or apparent ill effect, in an atmosphere I have poisoned beyond tolerability with the fumes of shag and cannabis, I deduced that you, in contrast to all other sentient creatures of our planet, do not truly breathe. I was able to rule out simple anosmia from your repeatedly demonstrated strength of olfactory discrimination. As a further test, I put a sufficient dose of this compound,” he indicated with a languid gesture of his long fingers a beaker holding a clear, amber liquid, “into the tea you have been drinking, to kill any mere human in seconds.”

I bowed my head in acknowledgment.

“There were other indications, taken over the years and amounting to near certainty. I might mention your complacency in the face of weather universally despised by Englishmen, which I attribute to a youth spent in a landscape of frozen ammonia. But this is trivial.”

Although only moments ago I had wondered at Pons’ apparent lack of discernment, I felt renewed admiration at this latest demonstration of his powers.

“Even so,” the detective continued, “I must confess that your deception might well have endured some little time longer had not another observer called my attention, however obliquely, to your true nature.”

“It would seem I have protected an open secret, then,” I said, ruefully shaking my head.

“Do not be alarmed,” Pons said. “Your secret remains as safe from incidental exposure or casual observers as ever it was.”

“Then who…”

“You know of my brother’s superior abilities in ratiocination. You will have noticed as well that he is unfailingly precise and deliberate in speech, as loath to waste words as physical effort.”

“I had remarked it,” I agreed.

“And in this instance he has preceded me, perhaps even before he encountered you in your own person during the affair of the club-footed cryptographer.”

“On what, then, could he base his deductions?”

“He has means at his disposal for gathering intelligence, in their way superior to those available to any other of us His Majesty’s subjects. But in the event I believe he drew primarily from the bare announcement, as I dined with him at his club, soon after you and I met, that I would share these modest lodgings. It was enough for him to perceive a human manqué.”

“I fail to see any connection, unless you provided the most minute observations…”

“I gave him none beyond your profession,” said Pons. “No, it was his familiarity with my own peculiar habits that prompted him to make a remark I took at the time for one of his rare japes at my expense.”

“What did he say, if I may enquire directly?”

“Only that sharing quarters with me surely demanded inhuman toleration. To my shame, I dismissed his peculiar choice words until other facts obtruded themselves. So well have I deserved Goethe’s reproach: “… Was vor den Augen dir liegt."

“My own pride also is not a little wounded,” I countered. “Much as I have come to admire the powers displayed by you and your brother, I have had, as I may now freely confess, some fourteen of your centuries to perfect my imposture. I dared to consider my secret impenetrable to casual observation. It is hard to find so long a labor proved vain.”

“Never reproach yourself, dear fellow; you are betrayed by no gross dereliction,” Pons assured. “But hold, it must be a matter of urgency for someone of obvious position to break the sabbath in this weather for a visit to Praed Street.”

I could easily follow his reasoning, hearing the smooth, mechanical hum of a well-maintained motorcar stop at the curb, followed by the unmistakable snow-muffled step of a chauffeur exiting to open the opposite rear door for his passenger. 

“I wonder who it could be,” I remarked. “We have had no notice of a client.”

That mystery, at least, resolved itself even before Mrs. Johnson’s discreet knock to announce our visitor, for upon hearing the tread on our stair, Pons’ eyebrow had shot up in surprised recognition.

“Well, well, it seems our words have conjured the man himself,” he said, an impish smile twitching at the corner of his mouth.

I was thus somewhat prepared when the imposing form of Bancroft Pons appeared in our doorway, for only the second time during my residency. The normally languid features of my companion’s older brother bore a distinctly grim cast as he stepped forward, and we saw that he carried a plainly wrapped parcel the size of a massive tome. Directly the door closed behind him, and to our mutual surprise, Bancroft ignored his relative and set the parcel on the desk beside me.

Removing the wrapping, he said simply, “Dr. Parker, I believe this is yours.”

At his slight, encouraging gesture, I removed the wrapping paper to discover an ordinary pasteboard carton such as might contain folded shirts new from the tailor. Opening this and brushing aside a cushioning layer of wood shavings discovered a squarish object wrapped in muslin. With quickening beats in both hearts, I peeled away the fabric.

My gasp of astonishment, although physically simulated, was nonetheless entirely sincere, for despite a lapse of more than 400 years since it last lay in my hands, I recognized my property immediately.




Episode 2

Bearding the Dragon


The cover of the book was some later addition not of my making, but there could be no mistaking the pages themselves, wrought over months with the single-minded, loving care of a lonely exile. The bouquet of aged vellum wafted from the book to pierce through the centuries, and I found myself transported in an instant to Milano at the glorious height of that city’s fame.

Having satisfied himself as to my reaction, Bancroft availed himself of his brother’s preferred armchair, drawing it closer to the fire before settling his considerable bulk upon it.

“I see it has some sentimental value,” he remarked.

It was in 1492 that I sought the aid of the pre-eminent man of science and invention then known. How well he understood my plight! Alas, he offered no hope but in patience, patience while this Earth-bound race improved its art at a pace commensurate with its own understanding.

Having delivered his unwelcome judgment, the famous polymath offered at least this comfort: I might set down all that I could of the world I had left, and share the knowledge with him. This I did, in my own language, remaining eight months under his roof, writing and illustrating the history of my world and its people, and assisting the master at his dissections. Thus I discovered a penchant for human anatomy and healing, which became both a calling and a way to make the long years bearable.



And so I waited more than four centuries to the present day. My hope of returning home began to revive in recent decades, as I watched unmistakable signs that the people of this planet might soon learn how to leave it, if only they could contrive to survive their own growing numbers and destructive power.

Some of this history I communicated to the brothers, adding that ordinary bandits had relieved me of the book, as well as other valuables, on my journey north through the Dolomites.

“How did you come by this?” I asked, unfolding a leaf on which I had endeavoured to represent some astronomical observations.

“It arrived by special courier an hour since.”

“The two Americans awaiting us in your car,” Pons said.

“Just so,” Bancroft responded. “They had it from a wealthy New Yorker, some manner of amateur antiquarian, I collect.”

Seeing my look of inquiry, Pons deigned to explain his deduction.

“Surely, you noted the impression upon Bancroft’s left boot from a walking stick, a sword-cane, I rather fancy, carried by a man of letters, a lawyer perhaps. 

“Pons, this is too much,” I cried.

“Not at all. Who but an intellectual could plausibly effect a walking stick in this age, and how would such a man justify it but with a weapon, particularly if he were employed on secret and possibly dangerous errands?”

“What of the other, then?” I asked.

“The red-haired chemist with broad shoulders? My brother is not a small man, but even so, the bench in the car he habitually uses would suffice for two additional passengers of average proportions. Yet they were so pressed together that a gentleman was obliged to importune upon his neighbor’s footwear.

“When three people share the back seat of an automobile, the smallest of them invariably takes the center place; the youngest child, the lady of the party, and so on. The other man, then, was the larger, notably in the shoulders to so discommode his companion’s arms. The odors of iodine, ammonium nitrate and sulfur, distinct enough even for my diminished senses to make out clinging to Bancroft’s coat, proclaim the chemist, while the long hair on his sleeve betrays the man’s complexion. His dapper companion would hardly suffer his own coif to reach such a state.”

“And how do you make that they are American?”

“You hold the evidence in your hand,” said Pons.

“Surely not from my book!”

“The box, dear fellow, the box! On it we read ‘H.M. Copland, N.Y.,’ most probably the name of a department store in New York, the box being convenient to hand for packing the book. Even the shavings with which you have decorated our carpet are an American product known by the rather grandiose name ‘Excelsior.’”

“Pray do not be tedious, Solar,” Bancroft said testily. “Time does not serve us, and you have a call to make before setting off for the Continent.”

“What, today?” I asked.

“You must both be in Paris before nightfall,” Bancroft said. “My office will see to your locum tenens, Doctor, but you will oblige me by packing your bag directly. You need take only the most essential items, but some portable weaponry will not come amiss. I will just telephone for a cab as you begin.”

This he did while Pons and I retrieved the bags we both habitually kept ready from our respective bedchambers, to which I added my service revolver and Pons his Webley & Scott. 

Returning to the sitting room, Pons desired his brother to explain our task.

“For, as you say, we should not like to keep General Brooks and Colonel Mayfair waiting.”

“Please, Solar, even here we must exercise discretion!”

“Very well. Then their principal…?”

“Awaits in Limehouse. He will accompany you as long as needed for a resolution of the case.”

“And what is the case? Beyond the obvious international scope of an impending crisis and the potentially unearthly nature of the danger?” Pons prompted.

“There is little enough, in all conscience, but much can be inferred,” Bancroft answered. “I and others have detected unmistakable signs of a cabal originating from the ruins of the late German Empire, men bent on restoring it in the most monstrously brutal form imaginable. I need not add that such a project, even in failure, can have no good effect on Europe.”

“I take it you have learned something that changed their ambition from mere vaporings.”

“I have no patience with this occult humbug, Solar, but there is no shortage of credulous villains, some of them better provided with cunning and money than with decency. We have detected a change in the movements of certain key figures, and indications that they have created a weapon of unimagined destructive power somewhere in Asia, and mean to use it within the month.

“These are dangerous waters, Solar, perhaps more so than you have ever encountered. You will have some help, but I dare not call openly on the resources of the War Office.”

“Then who?”

“You will apply directly to the proprietor of Sam Lee Imports within the hour. He possesses intelligence essential to ultimately defeating the threat, but he has refused to share it for any amount of money.”

“What arguments did you make?” Pons asked.

“We have tried the survival of the world he hopes to subjugate, but that consideration left him unmoved.”

“What then are we to offer as inducement for his cooperation?” I asked.

“Obviously, the volume in your hand,” Pons said.

“Say, rather, the volume and its author,” Bancroft corrected. “For the former is of little use without the latter to make clear its meaning.”

“Of what use can it be to him?” I objected. “It tells of nothing he may hope to find on Earth, nor anything I could not tell directly, since it came from my hand.”

“The Si Fan must tell you that himself,” Bancroft answered. “Do as he asks. Then, armed with the information he gives you, find the agent in Paris who will tell you where to pick up the trail. It will be best if the particulars do not find their way back to Whitehall.”

“Then the game is truly afoot and we will delay no longer.”

“Should we not disguise ourselves as before?” I asked, remembering our previous encounter with the ageless mandarin.

“Come, come, Parker! A stratagem that failed us so signally before hardly deserves repetition,” Pons chided. “The situation calls for the direct approach.”

“You may well be expected,” Bancroft said. “My presence in London is essential, so I cannot accompany you. The Americans and I will leave here by cab, and you will have the car for the journey to Limehouse. My driver will take you to Croydon directly your business there is finished.”

Donning our coats and hats, the three of us left the flat and descended the stairs, the precious book in its muslin wrapping safe in my innocuous travel kit. I had time to give only the briefest instructions to Mrs. Johnson, but mindful of the need for discretion, I said nothing of an intended return date. Indeed, I could hardly have done so, being then in complete ignorance on that point myself.

In front of 7B we made the exchange, the men Pons had described so exactly emerging from Bancroft’s Bentley to enter the waiting cab with their host, while Pons and I took their places.

And so, despite the uncounted monstrous deeds that could be laid at his door, we set out to win the cooperation of the most infamous criminal on two continents. Dread at the encounter occupied my thoughts as we descended toward the Thames, unrelieved by the cheerless sight of streets empty even of churchgoers in the vile, grey snow that had brought me secret contentment one hour earlier.

Pons sat slouched in his wonted posture, tugging at his earlobe as he pondered the task before us, and so we rode in silence until the driver halted before a nondescript warehouse and the familiar sign proclaiming a fictitious merchant. We had taken but a few steps toward the worn and unwelcoming red door when Pons put an arm before me and halted, a finger to his lips. His quick eyes interrogated the empty street before motioning me to continue.

At the door Pons halted again, this time staying my arm as I reached for the electric bell. With a jerk of his chin he bade me look to my left.

Bancroft Pons, when he deigned to stand, had a head’s advantage over most men, yet the giant who had appeared silently at my side would have towered over even him. And where Bancroft’s stillness spoke of indolence, this man’s easy poise resembled that of a stalking tiger, ready to dispatch its prey with irresistible force at any instant.

The giant wore a gray trench coat, but his head was bare. His curiously gold-flecked eyes stood out in our colourless surroundings, answering my companion’s gaze with equal calm.

“Well, Doctor. Shall we go in?” Pons offered.

But he was not addressing me.






Episode 3

Elements Unknown


As Bancroft surmised, we were expected. The door opened to reveal a small, diffident man in the immaculate cotton tunic of a Chinese servant, who looked up in astonishment at seeing the American towering over us all. Behind the servant, two massive dacoits waited expressionless, armed with curving blades in their waist sashes. Behind them, the narrow corridor disappeared into darkness.

“Mr. Pons? My master awaits,” the smaller man said bowing deeply from the waist.

There being too little width to permit any other arrangement, we followed in a queue as the dacoits penetrated some distance into the building, although we passed no visible openings along the way. They reached a door whose edges betrayed a cold glimmer of gaslight. This the leader opened and stepped through, waiting as we filed onto a broad landing at the head of a staircase, the same that I had trod not a few times in nightmares. We made our way down past another intermediate landing, into a world where daylight became a mere memory.

Our descent ended at a wider corridor where the close air carried moans of despair from cells to either side. Pons visibly stiffened at the evidence of horrors, while the implacable American emitted a brief, ominous trilling sound from between tightened jaws.

An antechamber and another inconspicuous door at last brought us into the richly decorated salon where the master waited, ensconced on a gilt throne amid wraiths of jasmine-scented smoke. The slightest flick of his left hand revealed a fearsome talon, dismissing the dacoits.

“Welcome, gentlemen,” he said in his polite, flawless enunciation, utterly devoid of sincerity. “Li Po, bring tea.”

The mandarin only smiled slightly as we visitors declined the proffered chairs and porcelain cups.

“Very well,” he said, dismissing his man. “I see you have brought the book. Be so good as to open it upon the table.”

At Pons’s cautious nod, I took a step forward drawing the book from my bag and set it on an ornate stand whose small, glossy surface disappeared under the open volume.

“This can be of no use to you,” I said.

“Perhaps you will allow me to make that judgement. Please read from the text before us.”

The open page happened to contain a minute description of a common leafy vegetable unique to my home. I read some few sentences to the impassive listeners, none of whom could make the least pretense at understanding the words.

“Thank you, Doctor,” said our host. “You will oblige me by translating what you have read. It may surprise you to know that I have the means of verifying your accuracy.”

With an offended glance at the evil genius, I commenced to render the words into English. This seemed to satisfy him, and he bowed his head in acknowledgement.

“What will you do with the book?” I demanded.

“I have no interest in your nostalgic scribblings, Dr. Parker. It has served only to confirm my surmise as to your origin.”

He said this without particular malice; only a cold, calculating view toward his chosen ends.

“I know now I was not mistaken. You can now do me a valuable service.”

“I will not further any criminal enterprise, no matter the personal cost.” 

“Criminal? I see you have adopted this country’s arrogant, parochial morality, as well as its barbaric manners,” he taunted. “In any case, I do not ask you to betray England’s king or its sentimental laws.”

Another gesture of his grotesquely elongated nail brought the servant forward, bearing a flat lacquered box, which he presented to me with an obsequious bow.

“Please examine the document within.”

Lifting the lid I found a commonplace vade mecum such as any schoolboy might possess.

“German,” remarked Pons softly, noting the manufacture.

The cover bore no inscription, and opening to the first page revealed a text written in now-faded pencil using an inelegant but perfectly regular continental hand. But the words conveyed nothing to me.

“What does this mean?” I asked, handing the book to Pons. “I can make nothing of it.”

“It is not, as one should say, a natural language,” Pons said after a cursory examination, turning over the first few leaves. “Yet its meaning is clear enough.”

He handed it to our new friend, who nodded in agreement.

“It is written in Alteutonic, a linguistic conceit that proposes to unite the various Germanic peoples,” the detective explained. “It is a poor relation of the Esperanto, lacking any serious following. The text appears to be a manifesto espousing a radical view of that race’s destiny.”

“I can assure you gentleman that I do not share the opinions of the raving madman who wrote them,” said the mandarin in a conciliatory tone. “Only the latter pages interest me. If you would, I have marked the relevant places.”

I took back the notebook and turned to the first of several places distinguished by a silken red threads close to the binding. And there I found a partial explanation for our bewildering exercise: a score of pages covered in words belonging to no Earthly tongue, familiar enough to me, though I had never seen them before.

“Who has written this?” I asked, having recovered from my momentary astonishment.

The enthroned one permitted himself the hint of a smile and said, “I see I have surprised you. Yes, there is another of your kind among us. Precisely where, I do not know, but I will set you on the correct path in due course. Now, you will translate the words before you. A simple verbal report will do.”

Surmising the presence on an amanuensis concealed behind a curtain, I did his bidding. It was a matter of half an hour to expound the content, a brief description of certain chemical processes known on my world, but not to be found or easily reproduced in the relatively dense, oxygen-rich atmosphere of a planet so near its sun. I gave an honest account, noting with some concern that the particular compound described, if actually produced and administered, would have a radical effect on a normal human constitution.

“With this I consider your part of the bargain fulfilled. I may add that I have another source for what I seek,” the ruthless scholar said, “but I choose not to trust the information obtained directly from that source, as you will shortly appreciate. If you would consult the following section …”

I turned past another lengthy section written in the anomalous Germanic to a next page marked by a thread. What I found set a cap to the series of astounding revelations that day, for there was a plan for a machine used by my people to render useable heat from the interstitial matter of space itself. Yet the device as described included modifications whose precise purpose escaped me until I had examined the instructions more closely. This exercise only increased my horror.

“The machine described here, it must never be used on Earth,” I said. “Such an attempt in this atmosphere must surely incinerate the entire surface!”

“So I had surmised. Yet the writer and his associates believe they can so direct its force as to make a weapon which no power known could deflect. The inevitable catastrophe does not serve my purpose.”

“We will stop them,” the American rumbled.

“Quite,” said Pons. “What assistance can you offer?”

The ubiquitous servant reappeared with yet another box, this time a small, crude, unpainted object presented to Pons with both hands and another bow. It contained a man’s ring, as of some fraternal order, bearing a curious device of a circle inscribed with a cross whose four limbs bent at the ends to follow the circle.

Pons again passed the ring to the American.

“The Thulians? This is all?” the giant said accusingly. “Their hand in this was already obvious.”

“No doubt, but I can give you more. It is no less than the name of the land where you can find their secret base. Even I cannot tell how to find it exactly, or to penetrate so far once located. You may attempt it at your hazard, aided by others with more precise information.”

The servant yet again, this time with a simple folded piece of paper offered to Pons. He unfolded it, read the contents at a glance, nodded, and handed the paper back.

“Li Po will see you out,” said the villain, gesturing with a talon-like finger.

“Very well,” Pons said. “We will consider our terms satisfied. Parker, you may retrieve your manuscript. Come, gentlemen, let us leave this place.”

The servant preceded us to the door, which he opened to reveal our waiting dacoits, seemingly unmoved since we last saw them. I gathered the precious book, leaving the Germanic abomination in its place, and joined my companions.

At the door, the American turned and fixed the villain with a look of quiet menace.

“Shih nien mo i chien, chin jih pa shih chün,” he said.

The mandarin’s icy laughter echoed after us far into the corridor.

Outside the counterfeit warehouse, even the dull, steely gray of a London winter afternoon came as a release from Hell. The outer door having shut behind us, we all three stood for a moment breathing the air of freedom. We then rejoined Bancroft’s patient driver, whose front bench I was obliged to share due to the towering American’s size.

Once settled in their places, the detective spoke to his neighbor.

“I much regret I do not possess the Chinese, Doctor. May I know the meaning of the words you addressed to that vile monster?”

As the motorcar began its way toward our next rendezvous at the aerodrome, our friend gazed thoughtfully through the window for a moment before replying.

“Poetry, Mr. Pons, just poetry.”

Pons appeared satisfied with that answer and asked for no more particular translation.

I needed none, having heard the words from the author’s lips a thousand years hence: 

A decade long have I honed this sword;

Behold, it is ready for you!





Monday 5 August 2019

Arlene Skinner's Alutiiq Basketry (published 2005)



Arlene Skinner's Basketry
Anchorage Museum of History and Art exhibit catalog

By Drew Herman
Known for tight weave and fine detail, the traditional basketry of the Aleuts/Unangan peoples of the Aleutian Islands transformed a method for making practical objects into a medium for cultural and artistic expression that anyone can appreciate. By mastering the technique of Aleut basketry, Kodiak artist Arlene Skinner has found a home for her expressive talents. Of Cheyenne and Sioux heritage,
Skinner has lived on Kodiak Island in the heart of Alutiiq (neighbors of the Aleuts/Unangan) territory since 1960. There she learned the imported Aleut technique, making it her own, carrying on a tradition from a region she has never visited herself.
Born on the Northem Cheyenne Reservation in Lame Deer, Montana, Skinner attended grade school in Montana and Seattle. She married a Kodiak fisherman and moved to the island in the Gulf of Alaska, where she has raised five children and has pursued several textile crafts.
"It makes me feel good to use my hands," says Skinner.
While her work usually has a strong aesthetic side, practical application formed a common thread. Crafts like quilting and knitting, in addition to their practical use in a growing family, proved to have a powerful spiritual value for Skinner. She came to depend on the quiet time at the end of the day when
she did such work: "I didn't feel complete unless I created something." Learning the Aleut tradition added a different dimension to her craft work. "I didn't think of them as art until the basketry," she said.
Basket weavers make their products literally from the ground up, combining physical effort and ecological awareness with an artist's attention to detail. The process begins with gathering and curing beach rye while it's green, between late June and late July. Later in the season the grass gets coarser, and Skinner prefers pliability. "You pick right after the heads come out," she said. Exactly where the grass grows matters, too, since the blades get too coarse at heads of bays where they have to stand up to stronger winds.
The gathered grass must stay wet, and from a pillowcase full of picked grass, Skinner makes a bundle only as big as her wrist, keeping it wrapped ten to fifteen days.
"The color fades out and you get a pretty golden shade," she said. Sometimes only one or two blades eighteen to twenty-four inches long from the center of the bundle turn out just right. "Your basket is only as good as the curing," Skinner explained.
Arlene Skinner found her way to Aleut basketry through a class at Kodiak's Baranof Museum. Her teacher, Eunice Neseth, had learned from Anfesia Shapsnikoff, who was born on Atka and lived in Unalaska. Shapsnikoff sometimes visited her son who worked in a Kodiak bakery.
During a visit in 1956 she became ill and spent some quiet recovery time practicing the traditional art. When Neseth and other Kodiakans saw the beautiful, tiny baskets, they asked the visitor to teach them. In regular visits over many years, Shapsnikoff passed her Aleut art along to dozens of new weavers in Kodiak. After Shapsnikoff's death in 1973, Neseth continued teaching, and later Arlene Skinner led
classes at the museum and the local college.
According to Ray Hudson, the art's continuity gives it a special place in the history of Alaska Native culture, providing an "unbroken link" between today's Unangan (Aleut) people and their ancient ancestors. Hudson, a teacher in Unalaska from 1964 to 1973, was also a basketry student of Shapsnikoff. She asked him to help write about her art and preserve the tradition, and they collaborated on an article that appeared shortly after she died, and which has become a classic text on Aleut basketry (Shapsnikoff, Anfesia T.,  Aleut Basketry, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska; v. 16, no. 1 (August 1974), Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press, 1974). The writings and classes were only part of Shapsnikoff's efforts. She traveled quite a bit giving talks about Aleut culture. Shapsnikoff, who was literate in several Aleutian dialects, felt the unique basketry held a central place in that culture. "It was something that identified a person as Aleut, as Unangan," Hudson said.
Basket styles from one island to another can be partly distinguished by the raw material, the Aleutian
grasses, with those of Attu and Atka considered finer than that of Unalaska (or Kodiak). According to Eunice Neseth, the original weavers from Atka made special trips to Attu to get the best. "They just wouldn't think of using any other grass," she said in a 1983 radio interview. "Usually Anfesia concentrated on the Attu technique," Hudson said. Today, highly skilled and artistic practitioners of traditional Aleut basket weaving- some of them relatives of Shapsnikoff keep the art alive in the Aleutian Islands. Thanks to Shapsnikoff and other teachers, including those she trained, people from other areas and traditions like Arlene Skinner and Ray Hudson have been able to take part. Skinner
estimates she has taught about three hundred students over twenty years in Kodiak.
Skinner said she learned in part so she could transmit some of their Alaska Native heritage to her own daughters, and she made them take her class. "Two out of the four really enjoy it," Skinner said. Her situation is nothing new. According to Neseth, Shapsnikoff was too restless and tomboyish to learn basket weaving from her own mother, whose work she remembered as so fine she compared it to silk. Later she settled down enough to learn the art in school in Unalaska, where her aunt was the teacher. Skinner has further refined her work through studying the diagrams and descriptions in the article by Shapsnikoff and Hudson.
Her participation in the Earth, Fire and Fiber juried art exhibitions at the Anchorage Museum challenges Skinner to stretch to new ideas. She has introduced blue trade beads and red heart beads woven into her original patterns, and even incorporated pieces of amber and turquoise sent by her aunt in Arizona. As she continues to develop the art of basketry, Skinner chooses not to promote her work through galleries, finding that it digs too far into her creative time.
And the demands of traditional basketry leave little room for drumming up business. "It's hard on your eyes and it's hard on your shoulders," Skinner said. Nor can inspiration be rushed. The weaver always looks at her work with satisfaction and feels a strong bond to the finished baskets.

Kad'yak Identified (published 2004)


Kad’yak positive id 7/16/04

By DREW HERMAN
Mirror Writer
For several days the divers working on a historic shipwreck near Kodiak Island knew a mysterious object only as “the cylinder over by the rocks,” but now marine archaeologist Tane Casserley calls it “the Grail,”
 The easily read Russian letters on one end of the cylinder spell out “Kad’yak,” the name of a Russian American Company bark which sank in 1860. That makes this partially rock-encrusted artifact the always-hoped-for but rarely found crucial piece of evidence which allows investigators to say for certain which ship they’ve found — in this case the oldest wreck ever identified in Alaska waters. 
“We were pretty happy about this,” principal investigator Frank Cantelas said.
With that understatement, Cantelas literally unveiled the important find Thursday, pulling away a cloth to reveal a 10-gallon aquarium containing the artifact soaking in freshwater. Excited applause broke out as the audience at Kodiak College grasped its significance. The archaeological team scheduled the presentation to update the public about their ongoing work.
Biologist Brad Stevens, the Kodiak resident whose efforts led to the discovery of the Kad’yak in 2003, summed up the moment: “There’s the ship in a tank.” 
Cantelas and his colleagues from the Maritime Studies Program of Eastern Carolina University have a permit from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources to study the Kad’yak. Their current expedition has sponsorship from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Kodiak area museums and private individuals.
The divers had seen the cylindrical object several times since beginning their underwater work July 11. Then on July 14 Cantelas gently lifted it, exposing a buried part of the metal disc on one end. Protected from direct exposure to saltwater by the sand and rock of the sea floor, the lettering showed up clearly.
“We came up and I didn’t tell anybody right away,” Cantelas said. Saving the big news until after dinner on board their floating headquarters, the F/V Big Valley, he coyly mentioned the cylinder and asked if anybody had noticed the writing on it.
“So everybody fell out of their seats,” Cantelas reported with satisfaction.
With the artifact in hand, further research will be needed to figure out its use. At about 1 foot long, it consists of two circular metal endplates joined by a heavily encrusted shaft. One end has a square indentation that looks like where it connected to another part.
It was found a short distance to port from the presumed stern of the wreck, not far from the ballast pile, leading Cantelas to speculate it could be a spindle from the ship’s wheel. But colleague Jason Rogers was doubtful.
“It looks very big to me to be a ship’s wheel,” Rogers said, noting that an archaeological truism says to expect five hours of research for every one hour in the field.
Cantelas called the object a “composite artifact,” consisting of several different materials apparently including wood, brass and iron.
“Wood doesn’t last long in a saltwater environment,” Cantelas said.
Conservators will have to take the object apart and treat each of the materials differently to safely clean and preserve them. Parts may soak in freshwater for a year to remove the salt impregnation.
After decades on the ocean floor, man-made objects can acquire layers of concretion making them almost indistinguishable from the surrounding natural features. Even something as large and distinctive as a cannon, of which two have been found at the Kad’yak site, can escape the notice of the experts, whose time at that depth is limited to about 30 minutes per dive. 
“Those cannon are really hard to spot,” Rogers remarked.
The divers have enjoyed good conditions all week. In addition to the lettered object and cannon, they have found deck braces, a ballast pile, and a cluster of three anchors that seems to indicate where the bow came to rest.
Creating a map of the site to help orient future work is a primary goal of this year’s site work, which concludes later this month.
The cylinder will be one of only a dozen or so samples the archaeologists expect to remove from the site this summer, said Tim Runyan, director of the ECU Maritime Studies Program. The samples will help identify and date the wreck. Future expeditions may then recover other artifacts, which could eventually find places on public display in local museums.
“There should be personal artifacts,” Runyan said.
All the crewmembers safely abandoned ship when it struck ground near Woody Island in 1860, but they probably did not have time to take much with them. Listing heavily and buoyed by its cargo of ice, the Kad’yak drifted northward for three days before settling in about 80 feet of water off the southern shore of Spruce Island. 
The “site formation process” is of particular interest to archaeologists, who work to reconstruct the way the ship wrecked and broke apart, Runyan said. In this case the main hull seems to be buried.
“We haven’t found the keel yet,” Runyan said.
Thanks to the anaerobic environment beneath the sand and protected by the hull timbers, historically interesting artifacts still buried there “could be in very good condition” even after 144 years.
Although he cautions there may be nothing, Runyan holds out hope of finding carpenter’s tools or personal items such as seamen’s chests under the sand. However, removing the higher volumes of sand and rock calls for special equipment.
“Really to do that properly you need a dredge,” Runyan said.
Cantelas emphasized how rare it is to find any identifying object in an excavation like this one. He estimated it happens with fewer than one out of 100 sunken wrecks, making the relatively quick discovery of the marked cylinder particularly gratifying.
Expedition photographer Casserley, an ECU-trained member of NOAA’s maritime archaeology center, is a veteran of archaeological expeditions to the sunken wreck of the USS Monitor, as are several others now working on the Kad’yak. The Union ironclad that battled its Confederate rival Virginia (Merrimac) in the most famous sea battle of the Civil War now lies off the coast of North Carolina.
“That’s one of the most heavily investigated shipwrecks in the world,” Casserley said.
Yet it took divers 19 years to turn up an engine revolution counter marked with the ship’s name. Even after it was found in 2002, conservators worked for a year to clean it off before exposing the lettering and learning exactly what they had found.
Although there was no real doubt about the wreck’s identity, “It was a huge moment,” Casserley recalled.
Drew Herman can be reached via e-mail at dherman@kodiakdailymirror.com.

Attu decommissioned (published 2009)


Attu decommissioned

By Drew Herman
USCG Auxiliary

Even after World War II ended, young Coast Guard recruits at the electronics school in Groton, Conn., promised not to say the word “loran” and risk a leak about the top-secret navigation system that guided American bombers to targets in the Pacific.

“Everything was very confidential,” said Don Funk, who manned the loran station on Attu Island for 13 months starting in 1946.

Not that he had much opportunity to tell anybody about his job as he stood watches on the most remote island of the Aleutian chain — closer to Russia than to the mainland of Alaska.

“It was isolated duty,” said Funk, now 86 years old and a resident of Lansing, Mich.

When the need for secrecy ended, the long range navigation system, or loran, revolutionized navigation for mariners and pilots, helping Alaskans settle the state’s vast interior and develop the nation’s most productive commercial fishing industry.

But manning the remote posts needed to operate the system remained one of the loneliest jobs in the world, until the last Coast Guardsman left Attu on Aug. 27, 2010. 

The decommissioning ceremony for Loran Station Attu took place one day later than scheduled because dense fog typical for the Aleutians forced a Coast Guard C-130 to divert to nearby Shemya Island overnight. The airplane from Air Station Kodiak brought Funk and other guests and dignitaries to the island for a few hours before leaving with the entire 20-man crew.

“Loran’s been around a long time,” said Chief Warrant Officer Jeff Rosenberg, the last commanding officer on Attu. “And now it’s gone.”

Rosenberg noted about 1,300 Coast Guardsmen have served on Attu in the course of 66 years, one month and 21 days, a figure he has memorized.

In June 1942, forces of the Imperial Japanese Army landed on Attu. American forces won back the island 11 months later in a series of bloody engagements, the only land battles of World War II on American soil.

The isolation, rugged beauty and sense of history stay with everyone who served on Attu. 

At the decommissioning, Coast Guard Cmdr. James Boyer, chief of ports and waterway management in Alaska, quoted a 1945 memo from Col. James R. Kilgore of the U.S. Army Air Forces. Kilgore credited the loran stations with making the Allies’ victory possible and he described the Coast Guardsmen’s crucial work as “unglamorous, tedious, monotonous and requiring painstaking exactitide.”

Funk joked that the posting at Theodore Point, in a different part of Attu from the final station, amounted to incarceration. He remembers the excitement of mail call every 10 weeks or so when a dory or landing craft approached the beach.

“Four guys would row like the dickens through the rocks” [to meet the mail], he said.

Those early teams did not enjoy the relative luxury of a cozy barracks that made life easier for their successors.

“We just had Quonsets that sunk in the mud,” Funk said. “We didn’t have a flagpole; it would’ve blown down.”

Although the accommodations improved over the years, the extreme weather conditions never changed. After the decommissioning ceremony, a color guard hauled down the Stars and Stripes from a flagpole that has always spent the winter months safely stowed out of the frequent hurricane-force winds.

Funk’s assessment of loran duty applies to the last day at the station as much as to the first.

“It was a challenge,” he said. “Everybody kept things running no matter what. You had to.”

Following his time on Attu, Funk had his choice of duty station. He returned to home waters and helped install navigation equipment for Lake Michigan that’s still functioning. After leaving the Coast Guard, he worked as a salesman and as a Michigan state trooper, but he remembers with pride his role in the 20th century navigation revolution.

“Every little boat on the Great Lakes had loran,” he said.

Boyer pointed out that loran made a particular contribution to shaping life on the Last Frontier including the expansion of commercial fishing in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska during the 1950s.

 “Alaska fisheries were built on loran,” Boyer said.

And even though GPS technology has replaced loran during the last two decades, leading to the August decommissioning ceremony on Attu, loran’s legacy continues in the newer technology. 

“The fundamentals of GPS are based on the loran concepts of time differentials,” Boyer said.

Ron Caswell arrived on Attu 25 years after Funk left to stand watch at the loran station as a Coast Guardsman in 1972. Today Caswell lives near the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and works as an engineer for the International Space Station. But like Funk, he jumped at the chance to return to Attu to attend the decommissioning and relive his earlier adventure.

Caswell shares Funk’s deep feelings for their remote post and the work they performed there.

“Of all the things I have done in my life, I am most proud of my service in the United States Coast Guard,” he said. “It still boggles me why anybody would want to join a different branch when the Coast Guard does so many different things.”

Caswell earned his degree on the GI Bill, he said, “So everything I did with the Coast Guard benefited my life. Hopefully I benefited the nation with my duty also.”

Standing on Attu again for the first time in 37 years, Caswell recalled a hike he took with an Air Force visitor, when they stood on a mountain overlooking the center of the island, more isolated from other people than possible even in a giant national park.

“I’ve never experienced that feeling ever since,” he said.

Once when a Coast Guard cutter had to wait at Attu for spare parts, the station crew got to celebrate Coast Guard Day on Aug. 5 with a ball game.

“That was pretty unique for this whole year to have enough people at one time to have a baseball game,” he said.

When the Air Station Kodiak C-130 took off from Attu after the decommissioning, only a handful of contract employees remained on the island. They will spend a few weeks preparing the station’s buildings for a future without much human attention. Without the loran station, Attu will have no residents. The few dozen Aleuts who lived there before World War II were forcibly removed by the Japanese and never returned to re-establish their village.

In the coming years, biologists, historians and anthropologists will visit occasionally for various projects, including repatriation of the thousands of Japanese soldiers buried there.

The last residents of Attu climbed out of the C-130 onto the tarmac at the airport in Anchorage in the first stage of dispersing to their new Coast Guard assignments. The young men gathered their bags, shook hands and joined Funk and Caswell as veterans of the most remote post in the U.S. military.

Petty Officer 2nd class Nathan Kinzel served on the Charleston, S.C.-based cutter Dallas before he asked for the assignment to Attu.

“I needed a break just from life in general,” said Kinzel, who enjoyed getting in a lot of reading.

Seaman William Sniffen came to Attu straight from basic training.

“I thought it’d be interesting,” he said.  “I thought I’d learn a lot.”

Sniffen understands the connection earlier loran crewmen feel to Attu.

“It’d be cool to come back here eventually,” he said.

Attu can fairly claim the title of “last place on Earth,” since no inhabited land lies farther west on this side of the International Date Line. In effect, the sun sets there last.

Although soon nobody will be there to see those sunsets, about 1,300 Coast Guardsmen found out how they looked and felt.

For Caswell, the return visit to Attu “went by too fast.”

“I’m not sure ‘home’ is the right word, but it felt comfortable. It felt like a very familiar place to be,” he said.

“What a unique experience, to get to spend time out at a place like this”

###

Strange Women Lying in Ponds Distributing Swords


Congratulations, Harry and Meghan! All hail, little Prince Soon-To-Be-Named!
Now everybody please get over it.
I know the British royal family is just one among a galaxy of unworthy subjects modern Americans waste their time and attention on, but it particularly gets my patriotic, historical, social and aesthetic goats.
For starters, a reminder about a fundamental principle of American freedom: Royalty is bad.
Without a garrison of Redcoats looming over your farm, it gets easy to forget that. (Thank you, Mr. President, for reminding us of the historic depredations in D.C. by somebody in the War of 1812 — British, Canadians, whoever.)
Since the Revolution, Americans have relapsed into thinking an English accent equates to sophistication, thanks to a seemingly innate reflex like the one that gives rich, white guys automatic authority without reference to professional or moral merit.
Americans’ nonsensical interest in the modern royalty distills this flaw in our national psyche.
I promise, I’m not still sore about the stamp act, or the troops quartered among us, or even the merciless savages. After all, we not only won independence from Britain, we got stronger and richer, and then we showed up and bailed them out of a couple serious scrapes. And of the itemized complaints in the Declaration of Independence that were not either exaggerated, bogus or imperialistic and racist, we’ve done worse things to ourselves than King George ever did — heck, we’ve gotten suspending the legislature down to a routine.
But George Washington didn’t let people call him “your majesty,” and the framers made inherited titles unconstitutional (ok, props to the rich white guys).
Yet the fact remains, we still revere people based on the success their ancestors had at appropriating land and oppressing peasants, which most of us were.
Is this reflex some sort of nostalgia for the good old days of getting trod ’neath the fancy heels of our moral inferiors?
Meanwhile, every school teacher, gas station attendant and Marine veteran you meet in a normal day does more good and deserves more respect than a royal. Every dry cleaner, barista, beautician and farmer is more interesting and productive.
Sure, fame generates its own publicity and media feedback loop. But why the royals? Is it the castles, the clothes, the ears …?
Why this fascination with people less interesting and even less admirable than the Kardashians, who at least built their own empire of illusion. The current royals use an illusion built up by 947 years of other people’s hard work.
So now we have a tabloid fascination that puts British royalty, supposedly a paradigm of high class, on exactly the same level as the most vulgar characters in the increasingly misnamed “reality” that inspires half the programming on TV.
Simple demographics guarantees that kings will, on average, be below average in their ability to run a country. As a system of government, hereditary monarchy is therefore worse than picking a person out of the population totally at random and investing them with ultimate power. The only potentially redeeming feature, stable succession, is too fraught with violent exceptions to merit mention.
The occasional examples of hereditary rulers who seem to combine a modicum of administrative capability and interest in public good, like Charlemagne or William of Orange, stand out precisely because the interval of stable leadership is so obviously exceptional.
Then when an energetic, capable person rises to power and establishes a new dynasty, their successors are necessarily less impressive, thanks to an effect
statisticians call “regression toward the mean.”
Thankfully, the United States won the Revolution, thereby ensuring we would never again have to worry about people in power putting close family members in positions of trust and responsibility.
Ancient Rome’s string of “good emperors” — the A.D. 96-180 run of five competent leaders appointed by their predecessors — ended as soon as one of them had an adult son to take over, and Russel Crowe’s birth was 1,784 years away.
Poor Vladimir Putin, doubly cursed as a misogynist and would-be dynasty founder without a son even among his illegitimate offspring. There was a promising son-i-n-law selected from the billionaire oligarchs, but that ended in divorce, while the other legit daughter married a Dutchman.
Let’s not kid ourselves. This is the only reason Putin did not mark the centenary of the fall of the Romanovs by crowning himself czar. a move the people of Russia would welcome enthusiastically, based on their gratitude for the way Putin has undermined the economy, civil liberties and basic public services.
Not one to criticize without offering solutions, I do have a few suggestions in case we decide reverence for a vapid, national figurehead is indispensable.
Alternative 1: Pick someone completely at random to be monarch for life. Give them constant publicity and inexhaustible wealth. When they die, hold another nationwide lottery. Sure, we could end up revering a pillar of the community or a hardened criminal, a charismatic wit or a talentless sociopath just like picking whoever happens to be next in line of a single royal family, but at least the random successor would have some claim to represent the general population.
Alternative 2: Count web searches and crown the top person, reign valid until Google rank drops.
Alternative 3: Rotate the crown between musical genres. We kind of do this already — Kings Benny Goodman, Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson, Queen Aretha Franklin. Alas, this approach has the disadvantage that the royals actually deserve attention.
Alternative 4: Award a crown and universal reverence to someone who exemplifies virtues like humility, grace, wisdom, generosity … Beg pardon, what was I thinking?
Meanwhile, if I find myself wondering about Meghan and Harry, I will try to match that wasted time by thinking about the school teacher or gas station attendant or Marine veteran —— people who actually matter.
So have your own royal day, and long live Queen Khloe!

Drew Herman is a Sound Publishing copy editor and award-winning columnist. Ceterum censeo "utilize" esse delendam.

Sunday 1 November 2015

That'll do, capitalist pig

The Communist Party of China finally came out in favor of brotherhood on Thursday.
And sisterhood.
Indeed, according to the official announcement, siblinghood generally can now bloom in the Middle Kingdom.
You don’t have to stand on the far right in the abortion debate to find the implementation of the one-child policy horrific. Forced sterilization and worse have oppressed Chinese women for 35 years, according to reliable reports.
But now China has a growing middle class, and the worker’s paradise finds itself subject to the same phenomenon as the developed, decadent West, where rising affluence correlates with declining family sizes.
This principle of demographics is as fundamental as — and not unrelated to — the economic principle of supply and demand. 
Thus the irony: Just as modern, affluent, educated Chinese couples decide they might prefer to have only one child, the government wants them to have more.
And even as economics gets called the “dismal science,” demographics could be the “mind-numbingly boring science.”
But demographic trends predict the world’s future better than any other manageable body of data. We might call a debate among presidential candidates “historic,” but on the grand scale it means nothing compared to the mass migrations that populated the Americas, brought down the Roman Empire, and threaten to overburden the entire planet
That fundamental principle of less developed nations growing faster than industrial countries has implications for every aspect of civilization. No one can build a wall long enough or high enough — whether in Hungary, China or Arizona — to keep out history.
Meanwhile countries with low growth still find reasons to spin the human drive for reproduction into policy. It has an intuitive place in the list of ingredients for increasing national power, alongside land area, natural resources and military might.
In China, the ills of overpopulation must now seem less dangerous than the perceived economic and power problems of underpopulation.
So we now live in the Looking Glass world where a country with a population of nearly 1.4 billion fears it is dying out. Or at least a near future with unmanageable disproportions of young men and retirees.
And if you find Looking Glass worlds interesting, try the Russian media’s version of daily “news.” It consists entirely of footage of President Vladimir Putin (mostly sitting silently) and “analysis” proving that every problem — from all wars ever to the poor condition of roads in Vladivostok — is America’s fault.
Let’s remember Czar Putin came up as communist and clearly would have called himself a democrat or republican or fascist or Easter Bunny if it provided him a path to power.
Faced with drastic population decline brought about by the end of the Soviet Union, a high rate of abortion and other factors, in 2008 Putin revived a page from Josef Stalin’s book. The Hero Mother of the Soviet Union medal went to women who bore and raised 10 or more children. Putin has renamed it the Order of Parental Glory.
Even in our own country, the equating of population with power lurked on the fringes of recent debate. While state and federal courts wrangled with gay mariage, some people asked why the civil government should have any authority whatever regarding anybody’s domestic arrangements.
If we have a truly secular government, definitions of morality and sin are moot, and the only vested interest of the state in family life would lie in maximizing the production of babies to serve in the army and operate factories.
Yes, the Lord commanded, “Be fruitful and multiply.” But the commandment continues “… and fill the Earth.”
Well, mission accomplished.